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References

Clinical Confidence in Bone Cement: The Importance of Long-Term Evidence

1. Kühn KD. PMMA cements. Berlin: Springer; 2014. p. 291.

2. Kühn KD, Lieb E, Berberich C. PMMA bone cement: what is the role of local antibiotics? Mentors Orthop. 2024.

3. National Joint Registry (NJR). 
National Joint Registry. The National Joint Registry: 23rd Annual Report 2026. London: Implant Summary Report for Heraeus Medical GmbH 03/2026, accessible at NJR Registry Data – Arthroplasty Registry 
We thank the patients and staff of all the hospitals in England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man who have contributed data to the National Joint Registry. We are grateful to the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP), the NJR Steering Committee and staff at the NJR Centre for facilitating this work. The views expressed represent those of Heraeus Medical GmbH and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Joint Registry Steering Committee or the Health Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP) who do not vouch for how the information is presented. 

4. Registre d'Artroplàsties de Catalunya (RACat). Barcelona: RACat. 

5. Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR). Adelaide: AOANJRR.

6. Swedish Arthroplasty Register. Gothenburg: Swedish Arthroplasty Register.

7. Coraça-Huber D, Humez M, Kühn KD. A comparative study of extended gentamicin and tobramycin release and antibacterial efficacy from Palacos and Simplex acrylic cements. Microorganisms. 2025;13(9):2174.

8. Dietz MJ, McGowan BM, Thomas DD, Hunt ER, Stewart E, Squire MW. Does cement viscosity impact antibiotic elution and in vitro efficacy against common prosthetic joint infection pathogens? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2025;483(3):488-497. Corrected in: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2025;483(5):1085.

9. Meeker DG, Cooper KB, Renard RL, Mears SC, Smeltzer MS, Barnes CL. Comparative study of antibiotic elution profiles from alternative formulations of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. J Arthroplasty. 2019;34(7):1458-1461.

10. Pilz V, Hanstein T. A literature review of the clinical evidence situation of bone cements. J Med Health Sci. 2018;7:31-36.

11. Data on file at Heraeus Medical GmbH